Microfinance And Small Scale Business - 1458 Words

Introduction Microfinance are the financial institutions who provide loans or funds to individuals who do not possess the actual documents which can be submitted to banks to seek/borrow loans. These individuals can be entrepreneurs and small scale business owners. Microfinance institutions mostly function in developing countries when compared to developed countries. They are almost similar to banks with regards to the nature of functioning, for instance, they fund people who would like to start a poultry business (farmers), transportation and restaurants. The functions as mentioned earlier are similar to the banking institutions, however, the range of transactions are in small scale. The transactions mostly happen with few hundreds of dollars. The money borrowed are often used to buy the tools and necessary items to start with construction in case of a new small business or for reconstruction in case of an established trader. The main purpose of these small entrepreneurs is to support their families and the run their business to get themselves out of poverty. Microfinance institutions lends loan on short term basis where the borrower is expected to pay their loan within 6 months to 1 year. Hence these institutions do not require much documents prior to approve the loans, as it can be seen with most banks. What kind of innovation is microfinance today? Microfinance was started as a Social Innovation by a Bangladeshi social entrepreneur named Muhammad Yunus. His intentionsShow MoreRelatedMicrofinance for Rural Entrepreneurs1511 Words   |  6 PagesMicrofinance for rural entrepreneur Microfinance institutions are institutions that offer basic financial services to the low income earners and the poor. The emergence of Microfinance institutions are rooted on the fact that most financial institutions offer financial services that are far much beyond the reach of the low income population. Microfinance institutions have been designed to bridge the gap and fill the void left by the major banks to bank the unbankable and offer various financialRead MoreNeed Of The Study Of Women1492 Words   |  6 Pages($158 billion). Within the segment, small enterprises led the demand for financing: around Indian rupees 6.42 trillion ($116 billion), approximately 74 percent of the total requirement. This was mostly due to unmet working capital and investment finance needs. Micro enterprises with a requirement of Indian rupees 2.05 trillion ($37 billion), accounted for 24 percent. Most of this requirement was largely focused around working capital needs. Women-owned medium-scale enterprises, which account for 0.01Read MoreThe Role Of Ngo s Impact On Poverty Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesstricken individuals. While NGO projects individually reach many people living under the poverty line, they tend not to reach those living in extreme poverty that are also small scale, resulting in the total numbers assisted being low. The NGO projects themselves also tend to be small scale. The total numbers assisted are also small. Most NGO projects rely on ongoing fundraising efforts and rarely create genuine local self-suffi ciency. Finally, although NGOs projects are often executed in imaginativeRead MoreChallenges of Microfinance Banking in Nigeria1603 Words   |  7 PagesCHALLENGES OF MICROFINANCE BANKING IN NIGERIA-1 Nigerians, like many other Africans are generally known as their brother’s keepers in view of the extended family system. But when truly analyzed, there is a possibility that this may not be so? Perhaps a hypothetical deep may reveal that not up to 10% of Nigerians would invest in ventures or people that would yield them nothing in return and here I mean, â€Å"Returns in the short run or in the immediate†. The returns may be financial, emotional, spiritualRead MoreDeveloping A Small Enterprises And Micro Leasing1804 Words   |  8 PagesMicrofinance provides the basic financial services to low income people, who have lack to access to bank related services. This includes credit for instance, micro saving’s, micro insurance and micro leasing. The main focus of European Union is on microcredit because there is only limited experience with micro savings and micro leasing exists, it is due to the strict regulation, for instance with regard to deposit taking. The microcredit is the extension of very small loans to those who are in povertyRead MoreWhy Development Aid For Africa Has Failed876 Words   |  4 PagesSpiegel is a weekly news magazine similar to English-written publication TIME, with a circulation of around 1 million copies weekly; and is known for its critical stance towards the German government. Whilst being independent of any political party or business group it has a left-wing stance and so an article scrutinising aid to Africa is perhaps a slightly atypical viewpoint for the magazine to publish. The article begins by claiming that whilst the donors receive good wages with the current aid systemRead MoreUttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu: A Comparative Study in Micro-Finance1699 Words   |  7 Pagesin order to explain the growth of microfinance in the country and bring out the a comparative study of the growth of microfinance in the two states of Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.) Literature Review- Studies analyzing the Micro Financing in India- Micro finance has been a field which has attracted a lot of research work. A review of the major research works of economists and sociologists provide us with interesting insights on issues related to microfinance. Seibel and Parhusib (1990) in theirRead MoreThe Microcredit Foundation of India and Poverty in India1155 Words   |  5 PagesMicrocredit Foundation has its base located in southern rural India. Microcredit works with just about everyone who needs their help; however their focus is women. Microcredit presents the women of rural communities with the opportunity to start a business. The services of micro credit are dedicated to creating a better stable economy, opportunities in the establishment of medium sized enterprises, and co-operative development. The Microcredit Foundation of India provides sufficient and affordableRead MoreEssay Enviroï ¬ t International Case Study607 Words   |  3 Pagesneeded to make decisions about an appropriate business model that would allow the venture to meet the team’s desire for a triple bottom line impact, scalability, and ï ¬ nancial sustainability. In my opinion, they need a hybrid business model. Just like creating a suitable technology for that third world, the style of a business design must consider such constraints. Three primary constraints led the development from the business design. First, the business design required to provide the package towardsRead MoreThe Determinants Of Financial Sustainability Of Microfinance Institutions7571 Words   |  31 Pagesconcepts, followed by the main theories used in this study to explain the determinants of financial sustainability of microfinance institutions in Nigeria. A theoretical framework is then developed based on the accounting theory and theoretical background presented as reviewed from available literature in microfinance. 4.1 CONCEPT OF MICROFINANCE Microfinance is the provision of small scale financial services to low income or unbanked people. It is about provision of â€Å"a broad range of financial services

Talking to the Mouse The Walt Disney Corporation Essay

Talking to the Mouse â€Å"Around here, however, we dont look backwards for very long. We keep moving forward, opening up new doors and doing new things, because were curious...and curiosity keeps leading us down new paths.† ― Walter Elias Disney The Walt Disney Corporation has kept this curiosity as its drive for over 50 years. Disney is one of the most famous and successful entertainment and retail companies in the world. Disney was founded on October 16, 1923, by Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney under the name of Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio. It first became famous as a leading organization in the American animation industry. Later it diversified into live-action film production, television, and theme parks, leading those industries†¦show more content†¦Most often, employees are given the opportunity to provide their input through meetings, surveys, and interviews. In turn, the organization provides information about its objectives, mission, expectations, and new programs and strategies through activities and written publications. This formalized form of communication provides consistency and clarity; communication can flow more easily and freely. Recently, many companies have introduce d the use of private websites and social media to give employees up-to-the-minute information updates. The Disney Corporation knows that internal communication is paramount to its success. Disney facilitates internal communication at every level, exhausting all methods. The corporation has 3 key strategies for its internal communication: facilitate information from every cast member, show each individual how they contribute, and meet diverse communication needs.(Cheryl 2011) The Executive Vice President and Chief Communications Officer, as of 2002, is Zenia Mucha. In this position, she is responsible for communications for The Walt Disney Company, both domestic and international. This includes acting as chief spokesperson and overseeing communication strategy and media relations for the company, its various business segments and its philanthropic and environmentalShow MoreRelatedWalt Disneys Career Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesWalt Disney’s Career Imagine the world without Walt Disney, imagine never knowing who Mickey or Minnie Mouse were. Think about not ever laughing at a film created by Disney, not even 1 of the 635 ever produced. Walt has brought laughter into family rooms of millions and has continued that for almost 90 years. He was a legend. Walt Disney grew up drawing for friends and newspapers and ended up becoming one of the greatest entertainers and film producers. Walt Disney was born on December 5th,Read MoreDisney : The Top 500 Companies With Highest Gross Revenue1316 Words   |  6 Pagescompanies with highest gross revenue. Disney is ranked 53rd on the list. The business at The Walt Disney well tells a story that the mouse has money, despite some near-term concerns. Disney is well diversified in entertainment has good fundamentals, and has benefited from the recent movie debut. Star Wars movie success, and with Finding Dory has proved profitable for Disney. The company is also expected to profit from its Parks and Resorts, The new Shanghai Disney, as well as the ongoing success ofRead MoreWalter Elias Disney : An Influential People Of The Twentieth Century1810 Words   |  8 PagesElias Walt Disney Introduction Walter Elias Disney can be described many different ways. Was he an entrepreneur, innovator, cartoonist, film director, or father? What was it that made him one of the most influential people of the twentieth century? It was his passion for innovation, his mind of wonders, and his loving and caring personality. This is why he is the icon that he has come to be known today. Early Life â€Å"‘Dad, I want to be an artist.’ And my dad, he just couldn’t buy that.† Walt DisneyRead MoreBusiness Interests : Ever Since Joining Future Business Leaders928 Words   |  4 Pageswho had a gift of public speaking and only knew how to do business. Instead, I realized that these brothers had interests other than business after I had spoken with Apoorva. Although we began talking about his work in the fraternity and in other business organizations such as MoneyThink, we ended up talking about fantasy football and comparing our teams. This helped me realize the brothers were actually very friendly and were easy to relate to. It was at that moment, I realized that I could possiblyRead MoreMgm Studios And Stuart Little2157 Words   |  9 Pagesstory is about a tiny mouse or a gigantic ogre, there is magic in storytelling and bringing to life characters that relate their challenges of being unique. By comparing and contrasting two films, Shrek (2001) by DreamWorks Studios and Stuart Little (1999) by Sony Studios, the reader will better understand the dynamic s of successful family entertainment with regards to the â€Å"Disney model†. Over the years family appropriate content, style and marketing has allowed for non-Disney produced films to achieveRead MoreMovie Analysis : Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs1697 Words   |  7 PagesThrough Disney animations Walt Disney has cultivated a society driven by stereotypes on gender roles that have restricted the liberties of young girls and boys alike to explore their own individuality. Disney s brilliance transcended beyond his ability to captivate an audience, his true talent resided within his ability to leave a direct impact on his viewers. As the prominent academic Jack Zipes puts it, The power of Disney s fairytale films does not reside in the uniqueness or novelty of theRead MoreEssay on Advertising to Children 1013 Words   |  5 Pagesbe able to have aggressive advertisement campaigns targeting children because it corruptly brainwashes them and promotes unhealthy life choices. Companies, like Disney, have been developing their advertisement strategies since the 1930s. A successful example of this is when Disney threw an already recognizable character, Mickey Mouse, in to all of their other products. (Schlosser 185). This is a smart strategy to use because the company expects the children to buy their new product, because theyRead MoreThe American Animation Industry and Walt Disney Essay2286 Words   |  10 Pages Walt Disney’s company was one of the biggest contributors out of the other big animation corporations to the American animation industry and culture as well to the support effort for the allies of WWII by providing the government with animated propaganda and Ignisia. Animation played a major role for the advancement of motion film in 1900’s. Before motion picture camera, frame by frame photographs were used to understand animal and human movement. Eventually a series of famous cartoons wouldRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company Report15335 Words   |  62 PagesCompany Research Paper The Walt Disney Company Pranay Kumar George Batah Shuxian Shen Sheng Hao Koo â€Å"We have complied with university honor code in completion of this assignment and I attest that this work is ours and ours alone.† Professor Suzanne Weiss Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Company Background 3. Management 4. Situation Analysis 5. Ethics and Responsibility 6. Human Resource 7. Globalization 8. Operation and Production Read More Walt Disney Company Essay4270 Words   |  18 PagesWalt Disney Company Introduction This report attempts to examine the Walt Disney Company as an organization whose international operations play a vital role in the company’s continuing existence. This report seeks to present a review and analysis of the company’s global strategy by analyzing the key internal and external factors that impact on the company and how it has used alliances and acquisitions as part of its global strategy. As a human technology-intensive company, this paper seeks

Thesis Essay Example For Students

Thesis: Essay Although many people believe that affirmative Action is a form of racism, it is actually used to help minorities find employment in an otherwise racist world. In the United States, equality is a recurring theme. It has flared into a fervent moral issue at crucial stages of American history: The revolutionary and Jacksonian Period, and the New Deal. In each era, the legitimacy of American society is challenged by some set of people unhappy with the degree of equality (Verba and Orren). Following the Civil War, Congress passed a number of laws designed to put former slaves on an equal level with white people. The Fourteenth Amendment made the freedmen citizen and prohibited states from enforcing any law which took away the privliges of any citizen, depriving men of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law, or denied men equal protection of the laws. In 1875, Republican majority in Congress, aware that reconstruction would soon end, passed a civil right act to secure by law semblance of equality for Black Americans (Urofsky 19). Many white Americans really did not like the idea of equality for the Black Freedmen. Gideon Welles, who had been prevailing sentiment when he wrote in 1871: Thank God slavery is abolished, but the Negro is not, and never can be the equal of the white man. He is of an inferior race and must always remain so(Urofsky 23). The supreme court agreed and in 1883 passed the Civil Rights act which diluted much of th!e protection of t he Fourteenth Amendment. Justice Joseph Bradely interpreted the enforcement provision of the amendment as strictly remedial; congress has the power to remedy a discriminatory state law, but could not take affirmative steps to protect blacks from other forms of prejudice (Urofsky 21). As a result of this decision, the federal government took no action to combat racism in the country until the second world war (Urofsky 22). Because resentment continued to increase within the black communities and because of the threat of a march on Washington, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order on June 25, 1941. This order directed African Americans to be accepted into job-training programs in defense plants. The order also stated that discrimination would not be excepted by employers holding defense contracts. It also set up a fair employment practice commissions to investigate charges of racial discrimination. Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower continued to enforce fair employment legislation after Roosevelts policies because Congress was unwilling to do so. In 1954, the supreme court decision Brown v. Board of Education pressured both houses of Congress and the executive office to take some positive steps on behalf of civil rights. In January 1961, John F. Kennedy took office. Almost immediately Roy Wilkins of the NAACP called for action to promote employment opportunities for African Americans. John F. Kennedy responded with executive order 10925, which created a presidential commission on equal employment opportunity; it also mandated federal contractors to take Affirmative Action to ensure that there would be no discrimination by race, creed, color or nationality. This was not the first time that the government ordered it own contractors not only to avoid discrimination, but to take positive steps to redress the effects of discrimination in society. In some cases contractors were asked to pay employees doing similar work, the same amount of pay. Without congressional action an executive order could only last so long, and in 1963 Kenn edy secured passage of the Equal Pay Act. The Equal Pay Act prohibited employers from paying women less than men for the same work. A short time later due to the assassination of kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson called for the passage of the Civil Rights Bill as a memorial to the late president kennedy. Lyndon B. Johnson skillfully guided and expanded versions of kennedys proposal through the house and senate. The Civil Rights Act was signed into law July 2, 1964. Title VII of the act banned employment discrimination based on race, color, sex, and nationality, it also created a permanent equal employment opportunity commission to enforce its provisions. The act also for the first time included obligations not to discriminate to private employees, labor unions, and governmental agencies.(Urofsky 17). In executive order 11246, issued on September 24, 1965, Johnson require that federal contractors take affirmative action to recruit, hire, and promote more minorities. Two years later in executive order 11375 Johnson added women to the group covered by previous anti- discrimination order (Urofsky17). Each new order was a modification of the previous one. Increasing minorities and womens chances to compete in the job market. When Richard Nixon took office in 1969, he asked Art Fletcher, the Assistant Secretary of Labor and a black man himself, to find a way to enforce the hiring provisions of Title VII in a way that it would withstand court challenge. Fletcher did, and in 1971 Nixon unveiled the Philadelphia Plan. The Philadelphia Plan made federal contractors meet specific numerical goals in hiring minorities. Each contractor was to have nine percent of its work force be made up of minorities and women. Even with all these Executive Orders, Civil Rights Act, and Amendments passed, only a small percent of minorities held position in the job force. In recent years, in order to combat job discrimination in the employment market, the federal government has issued a series of executive orders and have established government funded firms to secure equal opportunity in the work force. Affirmative action and other executive orders were created to insert qualified minorities in the job market, but in recent years it has been used to deter job discrimination from happening. Yet societys viewpoint on Affirmative Action has been a way for the federal government to favor one class of people over another. The fact is, that in order to use Affirmative Action to favor minorities and women against white males in the workplace, jobs must first be integrated with both minorities and whites. For no one can separate apples and oranges if there are no apples!In the case of Firefighters Local Union No. 17 84 v. Stotts (1984). The Memphis fire department was found in violation of Title VII and was under court order to hire and promote more blacks to make amends for past discrimination. Later, anticipating a budget deficit, the city planned to lay off public employees with the least seniority, and that action would have mostly affected recently hired black firemen. Stotts, a black fireman challenging the proposed personnel actions, received a favorable decision from the federal court, which granted an injunction enjoining the Fire Department from strictly adhering to seniority in layoffs. As a result, the union appealed to protect its seniority plan and white union members. The Burger Court reversed the lower court by ruling that because no intentional discrimination had been proved, Title VII protects bona fida seniority systems, and it is inappropriate to deny an innocent employee the benefits of his seniority in order to pr!ovide a remedy in a pattern of practiced discrimination sui t such as this (Janosilk 1205). So from then on the court upheld that even if an individual shows that the discriminatory practice has an impact on him/her, the court noted, he/she is not automatically entitled to have a non minority employee laid off to make room for him (Janosilk 1205). Juliana Queiroga EssayPresident Clinton, is facing a no-win situation betweeen traditional civil rights constitutenciesand the many angry white males in this country. These men wish to change federal affimative action policies but promise to continue efforts to eliminate discrimination. Yet no plan or proposal that Republican lawmakers, or angry white males have created has help decrease the number of discrimantory act by a company or has helped minorities find jobs than Affirmative Action plans existing today. These same Republican lawmakers are pushing ahead with efforts to unravel affirmative action, encouraged and empowered by a dramatic Supreme court ruling that cas doubt on federal programs seeking to advance women and minorities. The high court June 12 handed down a 5-4 opinion in a closely watched case, Adarand Construction v. Pena, that challenged a federal Affirmative Action Program. The majority opinion written by Justice Sandra Day OConnor, did not actually strike down any Affirmative Action programs, but it criticized the moral justification for Affirmative Aciton, saying that race conscious programs can amount to unconstitutional reverse discrimination and even harm those they seek to advance. Yet they had not proven any way in which Affirmative Action can harm those they seek to advance. Republican had been preparing a legislative assault on federal Affirmative Action, either by eliminating programs or with a sweeping measure to outlaw virtually all federal preferecnes on the basis of race or gender. Their targets include scores of congressional and executive branch initiatives that offer special consideration or set-aside for women, minorities and others in federal contracting and hiring. This proves that Republicans wish to eliminate Affirmative Action plan and replace it with nothing. With nothing to help women or minorities their is minimal chances of them competing in the job market.In defending the program, the Clinton administration stressed that white-owned companies can quaify for bonuses given by Affrimative Action Plans if they prove that they are Socially or enconomically disadvantaged. Some critics of Affirmative Action want to adopt social or economic hardship as a criterion for all Affirmative Action plans. Civi rights groups say they are not opposed t o using socioeconomic disadvantages, but want to keep policies specifically aimed at women and minorities too(America Online 3). Speculation about the future of Affirmative Action must go beyond prognosis of the courts configuration and estimations of its respect for precedents said John Naibandian of University of Kansas (Public Administration Reveiw 43). He was also quoted as saying , Over an 18-year period, adminstrators hve become sensitized to court decisionexpressing the value of social equity. It is unreasonable to anticpate sudden administrative reversal of these impacts now regardlass of Court action (Public Administration Review 43). Some observers have suggested that the solution to racial inequality in the United States lies largely in a two-pronged attack on discrimination in educationm and employment. If such a solution is possible, certainly the Supreme Court will play a role. But, in a system of separation of powers, it is axiimatic that only so much can be accomplished by even the most activist Courts. That is why all human beings must strive to understand the total implication of what they do. They must help each other see that there is a problem in employing women and minorities. Saul Solano HoneggerEnglish 102October 18, 1995Affirmative action: Is it a form of Racisim?Thesis: Although many people believe affirmative action is a form of racism, it is actually used to help minorities find employment in an otherwise racist world. I. Civil WarA. Laws passed during the civil warB. Plans used to help lawsII.JFK and Excecutive orderA. Steps taken by JFKB. JFK Executive order taking effect III. Other PresidentsA. Harry Truman controbution to Affirmative ActionB. FDR controbution to Affirmative ActionC. D. Eisnehower Executive orderIV. Court CasesA. Firefighters Local Union No.1784 v. StottsB. Stelle v. Louisvill Nashville RailroadC. Griggs v. Duke Power Co. D. McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. GreenE. Hazelwood School District v. United StatesV. Those against Affirmative ActionA. Why are white male against Affirmative Aciton Plans B. Why white male dislike the idea of affirmative actionKaus, Mickey. The End of Equality New York: Basic,1992. Urofsky, Melvin. The Conflicts of Rights New York: Scribner 1990. Verba, Sidney, and Gary R. Orren. Equality in America Massaschuettes Harvard, 1984. Hugh, Graham The American Judical System New York:Scribner, 1987. Jost, Kenneth. America Online Internet, 1995Webb, Janette and Sonia, Liff.Play he white man: the social construction of fairness and competition in equal opportunity. The Sociological Reveiw v.36, Aug. 88 532-51 Perman, Florence. The players and the problems in the Eeo enforcement process: a status reportPulbic Administration Reveiw v.48, July/Aug. 88, 827-33Boris Eileen and Honey Michael. Gender, race and the policies of the Labor Department. Monthly Labor Review v.111, Feb. 88, 26-36. Nalbandian, John. The U.S. Supreme courts consensus on Affirmative Action. Public Administration Reveiw. v.49, Jan./Feb. 89, 38-45Tatel, David and Minchber, Elliot. The Supreme Courts 1987 decision on voluntary Affirmative Action. Public Management. v.69, Dec. 87, 3-5Steel, Brents and Lovrich, Nicholas P. Equality and Efficiency Tradeoffs in Affirmative Action. The Social Science Journal v.24, Nov. 87, 53-70Leonard, Jonathan S. What was Affirmative Action. The American Economic Review v.76, May 86, 359-63

Synchronised sound film Essay Example For Students

Synchronised sound film Essay The sales pitch for the feeding machine is delivered by a mechanical salesman on a phonograph record and this in itself is significant. Modern Times is Charlie Chaplins final stance against the synchronised sound film and it was his last full- length silent film. There is no traditional voice dialogue in the film, but voices and sounds do emanate from machines, e.g. the feeding machine, the television screens and indeed Chaplins actual voice is heard singing. Many reviewers seem to agree that Modern Times is an angst over the studios transition to sound, by verbally indicating machines or automation as intrinsically bad (David A. Gerstein: http://wso.williams.edu/~dgerstei/chaplin/machines.html). We will write a custom essay on Synchronised sound film specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Historian Dan Kamin emphasises how human actors voices are only heard on loudspeakers whereas when characters speak to one another their words occur on printed subtitles. The world of this film thus presents machines as most advanced, yet being advanced in one way (having the power of speech) hardly cancels out the destructive power machinery is given. The feeding machine announces its functions through an LP record and the devices viciously mechanical/repetitive quality and its urge to present itself as superior are emphasised by how the voice recording points out 3 times that the lunch hour can now be eliminated from the work day (David A. Gerstein: http://wso.williams.edu/~dgerstei/chaplin/machines.html). Chaplins angst over the transition to the technological advancement to sound was widely known, as Chaplin felt that sound would compromise the entertainment ideals and lead to a world made up of novelty-orientated robots (Robinson 1985: pg 458).  The difficulty that Chaplin had in coming to terms with the Machine Age and the realisation that he could not withstand modernisation forever is portrayed in Chaplins use of speech (however grudgingly) in Modern times; an aspect of the film that leaned towards favouring technology. Modern technology is also shown to be an oppressive tool used by upper management to monitor the workers. The omniscient and omnipotent big brother management is very much a focal aspect of Modern Times, reflecting the fears workers had of being turned into machines by managers who controlled the pace of the production line and often speeded it up. A two-way television screen, on-line audio and video transmission ensure that all workers are monitored, to the extent of a screen in the toilets from which the President can urge the worker back to work, suggesting that these controlling devices destroy all individual privacy: Hey, quit stalling. Get back to work. Go on.  The factory scene is therefore one of almost nightmarish efficiency in which the President can observe all parts of the plant operation from his desk and issues orders to increase production on the lines:  Section 5 Speed er up 41  then later:  Section 5 give em the limit,  as the conveyor belt is sped up to a frenzied pace, Charlie makes a heroic effort to keep up. However, under the intense strain of the job, Charlie is slowly driven insane and becomes engulfed by the assembly line. Charlie literally lies prone on the belt and is dragged, swallowed and eaten up by the whizzing wheels, gears and cogs of the monstrous machine. His body moves its way through the gears until the production line direction is reversed and Charlie finally emerges free of the machine; Charlie has been devoured by the machine age in the geary maw of a huge construction device, (1995: David A. Gerstein http://wso.williams.edu/~dgerstei/chaplin/machines.html). The film proposes that this environment turns people into programmed machinery. The metaphor of society sucking the energy from human individuals is a dark view of culture indeed. Modern Times depicts Charlie getting caught up in a machine, running through the gears smoothly without any control over his fate and ending up exactly where the machine leads. Chaplins metaphor was directly influenced by a Marxist understanding of capitalism, an understanding that workers are divorced from their work product and alienated from themselves, becoming, instead of full human beings, a cog in a machine. .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65 , .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65 .postImageUrl , .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65 , .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65:hover , .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65:visited , .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65:active { border:0!important; } .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65:active , .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65 .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub8d0ad49b314f9f3fc8ee9d1832caf65:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Musical Education Opportunities in America EssayCharlie has been literally devoured by the machine age, unable to protect himself from the huge construction device. Charlie has been ingested by the greedy machine which is unable to stop consuming and producing. Charlie is unable to defend himself against the processes of industrialization and therefore is involuntarily carried along by the industrial age. The machine, in its own excesses, devours Charlie, identifying him as an industrial product instead of the human he is. Another comic example of the dehumanising impact of industrialization occurs while the mechanic is stuck in the machine. As Charlie struggles to free him, the lunch whistle sounds and he immediately goes to retrieve his lunch rather than continue trying to free his boss. When the mechanic interrupts his Pavlovian response to remind him of his predicament, Charlie attempts the difficult task of feeding him instead of getting him out of the machine after all, its lunch time. By exaggerating the factorys conditioning, the film makes both humorous and thought-provoking points.  Modern machinery would appear to be ingesting Chaplin thus he is once again a cog in the machine, reflected also when the feeding machine feeds Charlie bolts which have been accidentally left on its tray, thus forcing him to literally ingest progress (1995: David A. Gerstein http://wso.williams.edu/~dgerstei/chaplin/machines.html). Charlie is all at once absorbed in this immense machine. With wrenches aloft, Charlie proceeds to demonically tighten everything in sight. In the factory control-room, he pulls levers and switches causing explosions in the equipment. The jittery process Charlie must go through to control his trained hands shows the dichotomy created between reality and job. Eventually Charlie is unable to separate the two and attempts to tighten anything resembling the two bolts of the assembly line. People and objects have become the same, merely things to perform the intended function upon. Charlie has been driven mad by technology, resulting in a nervous breakdown. Charlies resulting pathos gains sympathy and understanding from his audience against the monstrous machines. In Modern Times technology is not exalted. The machines are worshipped and appear more elevated that the highest man (The President), yet whilst not ennobling Charlie the machines bring the boss down to his level; the boss is seen as agitated and exhausted by his mechanized life. The machines are persistent, just as Charlie is confronted with the superiors image and voice in the toilet; the management is confronted by the feeding machine, insistent on its own usefulness. Whilst the machines are ennobling, they do cause vulgarity in their malfunctions, e.g. masticating on workers (The Age of the Mass 1914-39 in History Today Aug 2001, Vol. 51, Issue 8: pg 44). Outside of the manufacturing plants, strikes and riots suggest that people are not happy with the social conditions. In an ironic sequence, Charlie tries to return a flag (assumedly red) that has fallen off a passing truck and is wrongly arrested as a communist. Towards the end of the film, Charlie in an attempt of the utopian bourgeois home life with the gamine, eagerly rushed off to work at the reopened factories. Once there, he determinedly clears his way through the crowd and is the last one allowed to work that day. The scene, although satiric, provide an interesting counterpoint to the rest of the films disdain for capitalistic ethos. Now, having something to work for outside of himself (the gamine) Charlie will even push others out of the way to get a job. Yet at the end of Modern Times there is an unquenchable optimism that resumes. Charlie and his female counterpart The Gamine are the only two live spirits in a world of automations (Robinson 1985: pg 459). Robinson also sees them as spiritual escapees from a world in which Chaplin saw no other hope.  Many writers, artists and social philosophers from Huxley in Brave New World to Chaplin in Modern Times have examined the fears of a society liable to become machine-like and dominated by mass-culture. Many have reflected on the newly found engagement with machines resulting in humans slow transformation into machines. .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d , .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d .postImageUrl , .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d , .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d:hover , .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d:visited , .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d:active { border:0!important; } .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d:active , .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb9461e023feb4e7c8c86aafe78c609d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pop Music Through The Decades EssayThe great depression of the early thirties was a product of technological change, yet there were underlying darker ideologies of the time: The exigent socio-economic problems of the early thirties adopts postures regarding the technocratic ideology of instrumental reason that reduces everything to mensuration, efficiency and standardized technique ( James Sexton (1994) Hearst Essays, New York and London Press: Introduction). Sexton goes on to discuss a link between modern technology and totalitarian ideology (indeed a great fear of Chaplins), as well as highlighting the willingness to sacrifice intellectual freedom to the needs to product ion and society. Modern Times presents a powerful indictment of the mechanized workplace and the post-Ford industrialization of everyday life. Often described as a satire of the machine age, Modern Times has in fact a broader theme: the dehumanising effects of many aspects of modernity, including industrialisation, bureaucracy, urbanization and law enforcement. With a balanced mixture of satire, humour and pathos it provides a keenly observed piece of social criticism, presenting a denunciation of the equalities associated with capitalism. To conclude I will quote from Chaplins presentation of The Great Dictator, in which he urges incessantly for men to remain autonomous despite advancements in technology;  Dont give yourselves to these unnatural men, machine men, with machine minds and machine hearts. You are not machines. You are not cattle. You are men. (http://www.mistral.co.uk/hammerwood/chaplin.html)